| Author: | Yang, Chien-hui |
| Title: | Towards a social model of care : the case of Scandinavian co-housing for privacy and social interaction in Hong Kong residential care homes |
| Advisors: | Lau, Newman (SD) Lai, W. L. Daniel (APSS) Ho, C. F. Jeffrey (SD) |
| Degree: | Ph.D. |
| Year: | 2021 |
| Subject: | Old age homes -- China -- Hong Kong Housing, Cooperative Hong Kong Polytechnic University -- Dissertations |
| Department: | School of Design |
| Pages: | vi, [13], 389 pages : color illustrations |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | With the increasing occurrences of chronic illnesses among older people, there is a growing demand for a social model of care in long term care facilities (LTCFs). The social model aims to enhance wellbeing in later life which include the components of privacy, social interaction and mobility. Social model of care is usually constructed as the small house model in the West. However, this building typology may not be suitable for Asia due to the different values towards privacy in a co-living environment. Europe and Japan have begun to adopt Scandinavian co-housing to address the issues related to the shortage in LCTFs and there is a need to investigate an ideal LTCF typology for Hong Kong. Although previous work have studied the relationship between privacy and social interaction, the relationships between privacy, social interaction and mobility are yet to be examined. This research proposes the design framework Care Hybrid Activation Model for Privacy and Socialisation (CHAMPS) to develop a social model of care in LTCFs. The research utilised a quantitative approach to study the relationship between privacy, social interaction and mobility. This study consists of three sub-studies: the study of mobility patterns in a LTCF (Study A); an online survey (Study B); and a pilot co-design workshop (Study C). Results of Study A show that privacy has a significant correlation with social interaction and mobility, particularly the factors of proximity, visibility and diversity (more privacy, less socialisation, less mobility). Results of Study B show that other factors such as: gender, willingness to live collectively, willingness to make contributions, control of bedroom door, personalisation, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy. Results of Study C show that an ideal LTCF consists of a private room and a variety of social spaces. The discussion of findings suggests that the mobility patterns identified on the LTC study site are consistent with those proposed in existing theories of human mobility. Collectively, the results of sub-studies triangulate with one another to indicate that older people prefer a variety of privacy levels that would influence their social interaction with others and mobility patterns. The cross-examination of results illustrates the need for diverse privacy that corresponds to the Privacy-Interaction matrix developed by the author. As a whole, the three sub-studies indicate that Co-CHAMPS is more feasible in its physical aspect because there is a high level of similarities between an ideal LTCF and co-housing. Conversely, the comparisons of these results show that Co-CHAMPS faces critical challenges in its social aspect because elements such as mutual support and intergenerational living were perceived as not preferred in an ideal LTCF. Therefore, it is recommended that the application of Co-CHAMPS should involve an integrated model of medical and social care where care is delivered through a combination of organisational care, mutual support among residents, and care services provided by community-based care. This study concludes that an integrated Co-CHAMPS framework is needed to design a hybrid LTCF through the lens of co-housing. It could be a useful guideline for those who are interested to residentialise LTCFs. The research also contributes to the field of LTCF through the Privacy-Interaction Activity Matrix which offers insights on the interaction between privacy and social activities. The key limitation of this study is the inconsistencies in the collected data and participant profiles. Another shortcoming is the absence of data based on the perspectives of staff and family in the understanding of social behaviour. Future research implication includes the study of intergenerational living in the integrated Co-CHAMPS framework. Future studies could further investigate the Privacy-Interaction matrix through case studies in the contexts of different care models. Further research should also consider the adoption of ethnography methods alongside data analytics and involve the participation of staff and family. |
| Rights: | All rights reserved |
| Access: | open access |
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