Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor | Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering | en_US |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Cao, Sunliang (BEEE) | en_US |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yang, Hongxing (BEEE) | en_US |
| dc.creator | Senthil Kumar, Gokula Manikandan | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://theses.lib.polyu.edu.hk/handle/200/13235 | - |
| dc.language | English | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Hong Kong Polytechnic University | en_US |
| dc.rights | All rights reserved | en_US |
| dc.title | The multi-objective optimizations of the integrated zero-energy and positive-energy systems consisting of transportation buildings and new energy vehicles | en_US |
| dcterms.abstract | Achieving the net-zero emission target of any country is not economically feasible without the integrated effort from all their energy-intensive sectors. In parallel to the increasing installation of intermittent renewable energy generation, progression should be made from transportation electrification, sector coupling, bidirectional energy interaction, and energy flexibility utilisation. Firstly, the electrification of transportation helps reduce carbon emissions on the road and transforms the fossil fuel-dependent sector toward renewable energy utilisation. Secondly, rather than charging electric vehicles (EVs) directly from the utility power network, which accelerates the power congestion, charging EVs from the building allows load-levelling and utilisation of the onsite renewable energy generation, reducing the interaction with the utility power network. Thirdly, following bidirectional energy interaction by discharging EVs for the building or utility grid purpose helps to leverage the dormant potential of the battery-powered transportation sector, and most importantly, the bidirectional energy flow can effectively integrate all the associated energy systems to function as a single energy system. Fourthly, exploring the energy flexibility of the synergically interconnected system for demand response, energy resilience, and further integration of additional energy prosumers as an EV hub can further increase the technological, environmental, and economic benefits of all the systems in the energy nexus. Although it has vast advantages, integrating all the associated energy systems requires a time-consuming investigation to understand the complex energy nexus for generating the theoretical understanding to implement innovative solutions for its success. Matching the above-stated integrated energy system, the number of electrified metro railway systems is quickly growing, and attempts are being made to integrate renewable energy and implement battery-powered trains. Due to its large scale and massive potential, it has been chosen to quantitatively investigate the impact of all the abovementioned interconnected concepts. | en_US |
| dcterms.abstract | This thesis developed a net-zero energy metro train system and adapted many advanced energy solutions to attain a positive energy system status that can address various energy-related issues. Firstly, this research designed and analysed renewable energy-supported metro stations and battery-powered trains for bidirectional energy interaction and interchangeable battery technologies. The results show that eliminating the investment in energy catenary and utilising Hong Kong’s feed-in tariff made it feasible to attain net present value (NPV) of 93.9 million HK$. Secondly, the energy flexibility potential of the interchangeable battery-supported metro train system is strategically investigated following various quantification techniques, control strategies and crucial trade-offs to achieve an economic benefit of 3.91 million HK$ during its lifetime being grid responsive. Thirdly, implementing an incentive-supported demand response programme into the metro train system by developing an automated energy management system to prioritise and regulate different energy resources leveraged the dormant energy flexibility potential for grid operators and reduced the yearly operational cost of the metro railway 2.9 times. Fourthly, as the penetration of renewable energy increases, blackouts from the power network become more of a concern. Therefore, the resilience at the energy system level is rigorously quantified beside other major objectives by investigating yearly blackout percentages, the control strategy for blackouts, and renewable energy capacities, and the dedicated resilience control enhances the resilience factor by 0.16 and NPV by 58.7 million HK$ for the autonomous net-zero energy system. Finally, strategic investigations are executed to integrate public EV charging stations, shuttle bus services, and metro-owned EV cars into metro stations as nodes and convert the distributed metro framework into a intelligent charging EV hub. The analyses on charging controls and major parameters of the intelligent charging EV hub considerably enhance the renewable power utilisation by 0.18 and the net present value by 34.8 million HK$ while decreasing the yearly maximum grid import to 777 kW from 1099 kW. Overall, this work contributed significantly to the academic community by introducing many innovative ideas, research methodology, energy indicators, energy management systems, quantitative data, and theoretical understanding. In addition, the multi-objective results are comprehensively revealed to the stakeholders for the decision-making based on the objective balance. | en_US |
| dcterms.extent | 139 pages : color illustrations | en_US |
| dcterms.isPartOf | PolyU Electronic Theses | en_US |
| dcterms.issued | 2024 | en_US |
| dcterms.educationalLevel | Ph.D. | en_US |
| dcterms.educationalLevel | All Doctorate | en_US |
| dcterms.LCSH | Railroads -- Electrification | en_US |
| dcterms.LCSH | Railroads -- Energy consumption | en_US |
| dcterms.LCSH | Hong Kong Polytechnic University -- Dissertations | en_US |
| dcterms.accessRights | open access | en_US |
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