| Author: | Wu, Zhizhi |
| Title: | All-in-one, multifunctional, implantable fiber-shaped blood gas sensor |
| Advisors: | Zheng, Zijian (ABCT) |
| Degree: | M.Phil. |
| Year: | 2025 |
| Department: | Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology |
| Pages: | 116 pages : color illustrations |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | During the past decades, the number of surgeries has seen a dramatic increase, from around 187.2 million cases in 2004 to 312.9 cases undertaken in 2012. The dynamic and rapid fluctuations in patients' physiological status underscore the imperative need for real-time monitoring devices capable of providing prompt and accurate feedback on changes in patient conditions. Implantable devices have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their capacity to give continuous and real-time physiological monitoring, enabling the assessment of various vital parameters, including arterial blood pressure and blood gas analysis via arterial lines, intracranial pressure via intracranial pressure monitors, and deep vein thrombosis. The widespread adoption of implantable monitoring devices has not only met the existing clinical demands but also driven the development of more advanced implantable monitoring technologies, fostering a self-reinforcing cycle of innovation and clinical need. However, several limitations often hinder existing implantable monitoring devices, including the need for high patient compliance, compromised stability2-4 and sensitivity, which can compromise their overall performance and clinical utility. Patient non-compliance and complex medical interventions can compromise the functionality of implantable monitoring devices. Fiber-shaped devices, inspired by arterial lines, offer a promising solution due to their minimal interface and high stability5,6. However, ensuring these devices' structural and signal stability during implantation in flexible tissues and organs is crucial to obtaining accurate and reliable data. Researchers have succeeded in fiber-shaped transistors for electrochemical sensing, fiber-based strain sensors, and fiber-based capacitive sensors. However, achieving a balance between stability, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality remains a significant challenge in developing implantable monitoring devices. Here, we introduce a novel, multi-functional electrochemical fiber-shaped blood sensor, denoted as TIEFS (transducer-interlayer-EGaIn fiber sensor), featuring a simple design. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity towards sodium ions, with a detection limit of 147 mV/decade due to the incorporation of a capacitive interlayer comprising polytetrafluoroethylene/perfluoropolyether/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PTFE/PFPE/CNTs) that enhances the detected signal through improved capacitance. Notably, the fiber's three separate conductive channels enable the simultaneous detection of sodium and potassium concentrations without significant electrical crosstalk. The TIEFS demonstrates stable sensing performance under various conditions, including bending and soaking in solution for 7 days, and exhibits a high resolution of 100 μm for potassium detection, as well as a low signal drift of 0.9678 mV/h. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of implantation by testing the sensor's performance in detecting sodium and potassium concentrations in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and human blood. The TIEFS is promising for clinical applications due to its simple fabrication process and high stability, making it a potential candidate for future biomedical applications. |
| Rights: | All rights reserved |
| Access: | open access |
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