| Author: | Yu, Ho Ching |
| Title: | An empirical drag coefficient model for simulating the dispersion and deposition of bioaerosol particles in ventilated environments |
| Advisors: | Mui, Kwok-wai (BSE) Wong, Ling-tim (BSE) |
| Degree: | Ph.D. |
| Year: | 2017 |
| Subject: | Hong Kong Polytechnic University -- Dissertations Ventilation Airborne infection -- Prevention |
| Department: | Department of Building Services Engineering |
| Pages: | xxxi, 312 pages : illustrations |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | Bioaerosol particles in indoor air are related to airborne transmission infections and some pandemic outbreaks such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2015. Several environmental control strategies and parameters for a ventilation system have been suggested to prevent infections in building environments. To design an appropriate ventilation system, the infection risks of the proposed ventilation system were evaluated in the thesis in order to achieve effective infection control. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is often used to predict the dispersions and depositions of bioaerosol particles to evaluate the infection risks of ventilation systems. However, there are differences between bioaerosol and aerosol particles in terms of shape, diameter, surface texture and elasticity. In this study, the transport mechanism of a bioaerosol particle was investigated to formulate a bioaerosol particle transport model for CFD simulation. The empirical bioaerosol drag coefficient model was developed in this study to investigate the transport mechanism of bioaerosol particles. A chamber study was used to collate the empirical data from 13 common indoor bioaerosol species with the three common ventilation rates (1.7, 10.3 and 18.8 ACH). By comparing the experimental and numerical data, the empirical drag constants and coefficients were determined for each bioaerosol species. The model (i.e. Kdrag,bp=dbp2/2) was developed by correlating the drag constants Kdrag,bp with the equivalent bioaerosol diameters dbp in a range between 0.054 and 6.9 µm. Several validations were done for the generalization of the model for various bioaerosol species, ventilation rates, enclosures and literature. The model simplifies the transport mechanism of bioaerosol particles, for example, dispersion and deposition, in terms of the equivalent bioaerosol diameter dbp and drag coefficient Cdrag,bp. This is beneficial in that only a single morphological characteristic (i.e. dbp) is required to predict the movement of any bioaerosol species. A numerical bioaerosol transport framework has been extended based on the proposed model to simulate the bioaerosol distribution to enhance the applicability of the model and impact on the ventilation system design for infection control in terms of ventilation rate and other design factors. The impacts of the proposed model and framework were demonstrated by simulating three practical scenarios such as healthcare centre, sanitation and office. The over-predictions of the drag force and ventilation performance by the Stokes drag was recognized, especially in environments with a uni-directional airflow pattern. The ventilation strategies for infection control need to be reviewed urgently because of the over-prediction of the carrying power of the airflow by the Stokes drag coefficient model. In this study, the correlation between the drag constant Kdrag,bp and the equivalent bioaerosol diameter dbp has been investigated. This study provides a useful source of reference for ventilation system engineers to minimize the infection risk of airborne transmission diseases, and to mitigate the risk of outbreaks. However, some improvements are suggested to enhance the reliability of the model. Furthermore, the development of the atomistic drag model (i.e. kinetic theory) may provide a solid theoretical base to support the model. |
| Rights: | All rights reserved |
| Access: | open access |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 991021952844503411.pdf | For All Users | 8.54 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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